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Sida planicaulis

Cav. (1785)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Sida

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect or sometimes spreading herbs or subshrubs 0.5–1.5 m tall, glabrate to moderately pubescent with hairs denser hairs compared to S. acuta.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, 2-ranked. Blades lanceolate to ovate, 3–10(–12) cm long. Leaves larger, wider, more finely serrate than S. acuta. Base rounded compared to S. acuta. Base unequally sided. Surfaces glabrous or sparsely stellate pilose, rarely with simple hairs on the upper surface. Surfaces glabrous or with minute scattered stellate hairs and simple appressed antrorse hairs. Margins serrate to near base. Petioles much shorter than blades. Stipules narrower than in S. acuta. Stipules narrowly falcate, ribbed, 5–8 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers axillary, usually 2–8 in dense glomerules, pedicels 0.1–0.4 cm long; involucel absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx somewhat plicate in bud, (4–)5–7 mm long, slightly accrescent and often black in fruit, sometimes yellowish at base, usually 10-ribbed. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, rotate to campanulate, corolla of 5 petals, obovate, white to yellow, 6–10 mm long, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column; staminal column included, up to 3 mm long, terminated by filaments; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, (1-)3-celled to many-celled, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile, carpels usually 5-10 or numerous; ovules 1 per carpel, pendulous; style exceeding the staminal column, unbranched and stigmatically lobed at apex or branched, style-branches as many as carpels; stigmas capitate.

Fruit: Schizocarps depressed–conical; somewhat fluted; up to 6 mm in diameter; mericarps (6)7–10; 1-seeded; blackish with pale lateral walls; ca. 2.2–3(–3.5) mm long; with 2 slender apical awns 1–2.5 mm long; lower dorsal and lateral walls obscurely rugose–reticulate; indehiscent; upper 1/3 dehiscent; each valve smooth. Seeds brown; 1.7–2 mm long; trigonous-obovoid; pilose about the raphe; otherwise glabrousm with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 18; 28.

Habitat: Naturalized in open and shaded sites.

Elevation Range: 0–790 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Not in flora
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Diss. 1: 24 (1785)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:897 (K, O, M, H [as S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia]); Fryxell & Hill 2015 (Syn. S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia = S. planicaulis); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:193 (remove M [no evidence of nat.])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sida planicaulis Cav. unknown PreservedSpecimen Rock, J.F.C. Collector Number: 4661 BISH Specimen 1/1/1909
2 Sida planicaulis Cav. unknown PreservedSpecimen Rock, J.F.C. Collector Number: 4660 BISH Specimen 1/1/1909
3 Sida planicaulis Cav. entrance of haena cave PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 17259 Kauai BISH 8/24/1920
4 Sida planicaulis Cav. Honolulu [? PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 66, in part Oahu BISH 2/6/1905
5 Sida planicaulis Cav. kiolalaa-keaa homestead addition, kau forest reserve, along haao spring road In forestry plantings of Eucalyptus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 328 Hawaii BISH 8/13/1980
6 Sida planicaulis Cav. Roadside near Kalopa Mountain Park. Kalopa, Hamakua District PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 3942 Hawaii BISH 6/7/1984
7 Sida planicaulis Cav. Kailua, Kona open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2008 Hawaii BISH 4/25/1938
8 Sida planicaulis Cav. Laupahoehoe Gulch Stream bed. Community dominated by exotics. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 1722 Hawaii BISH 8/22/1984
9 Sida planicaulis Cav. kailua, n edge of kawainui ridge roadside, under trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 13565 Oahu BISH 1/24/1924
10 Sida planicaulis Cav. ahupuaa of halepuaa in the puna district, along the side of the puna trail The area is densely shaded by large Mango trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yoshida, l. collector number: 79.098 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
11 Sida planicaulis Cav. Kailua, N edge of Kawainui ridge roadside, under trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 13565 Oahu BISH 1/24/1924
12 Sida planicaulis Cav. koolau mountains, kahuku training area, just inside gate at top of pupukea rd. Mesic, non-native Eucalyptus robusta forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN beachy, j. collector number: usarmy 141 Oahu BISH 4/7/2009
13 Sida planicaulis Cav. along the hanapepe river, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN heller, a.a. collector number: 2424 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
14 Sida planicaulis Cav. between mackenzie park and kalapana, puna roadside near collapsed lava tube PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wentworth, j.o Hawaii BISH 7/5/1953
15 Sida planicaulis Cav. kamuela PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 309 Hawaii BISH 11/14/1932
16 Sida planicaulis Cav. Between MacKenzie Park and Kalapana, Puna roadside near collapsed lava tube PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wentworth, J.O s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/5/1953
17 Sida planicaulis Cav. P.T.B.G., Lawai Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 2259 Kauai BISH 12/22/1971
18 Sida planicaulis Cav. South Kona: Land of Kapua, near Kaulanamauna flow In steep, shaded gulch with Diospyros-Canthium association. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2774 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
19 Sida planicaulis Cav. Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, ca. 2 miles into the valley Occasional weedy subshrub growing roadside in disturbed secondary forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 99-35 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1999
20 Sida planicaulis Cav. kawaihau district, land of kilauea Growing along edge of sugar cane field. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. ishikawa, s. collector number: 5662 Kauai BISH 2/23/1976
21 Sida planicaulis Cav. Kalapana, Puna waste place, edge of sugar cane field PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1392 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1936
22 Sida planicaulis Cav. kailua, kona, kealakekua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2481 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1939
23 Sida planicaulis Cav. honolulu [? silversword area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 66, in part Hawaii BISH
24 Sida planicaulis Cav. Hamakua, Waimea, Paauhau Paddock fairly moist PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2264 Hawaii BISH 6/9/1938
25 Sida planicaulis Cav. entrance of Haena Cave PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 17259 Kauai BISH 8/24/1920
26 Sida planicaulis Cav. unknown Forest of Psidium, Aleurites, Myrsine. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 4660 Oahu BISH
27 Sida planicaulis Cav. Kailua, Kona, Kealakekua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2481 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1939
28 Sida planicaulis Cav. hanalei, kee beach On side of rd. Associated vegetation: Java plum, Cocos nucifera, Noronhia emarginata. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. martz, k. collector number: 020225-5 Kauai BISH 2/25/2002
29 Sida planicaulis Cav. south kona: land of kapua, near kaulanamauna flow In steep, shaded gulch with Diospyros-Canthium association. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2774 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
30 Sida planicaulis Cav. p.t.b.g., lawai valley Open dry fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2259 Hawaii BISH 12/22/1971
31 Sida planicaulis Cav. kalapana, puna waste place, edge of sugar cane field PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1392 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1936
32 Sida planicaulis Cav. hanalei, ke'e beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. starr & k. martz 020225-5 Kauai US 2/25/2002
33 Sida planicaulis Cav. Kamuela PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 309 Hawaii BISH 11/14/1932
34 Sida planicaulis Cav. roadside near kalopa mountain park. kalopa, hamakua district PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 3942 Hawaii BISH 6/7/1984
35 Sida planicaulis Cav. National Tropical Botanical Garden, McBryde Garden. Vicinity of waterfall trail and Polynesian Canoe Plant Garden (northern end of NTBG grounds). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Andrew Townesmith|Karen M. Meyer Townesmith 1073 Missouri Botanical Garden 5/13/2008
36 Sida planicaulis Cav. national tropical botanical garden, mcbryde garden. vicinity of waterfall trail and polynesian canoe plant garden (northern end of ntbg grounds). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN andrew townesmith|karen m. meyer townesmith 1073 MO 5/13/2008
37 Sida planicaulis Cav. Hanalei, Ke'e Beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. Starr & K. Martz 020225-5 Kauai US 2/25/2002
38 Sida planicaulis Cav. in wooded area (previously cultivated) between quarry rd. and marsh, kawainui marsh PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 1 Oahu US 1/4/1976
39 Sida planicaulis Cav. Kiolalaa-Keaa Homestead Addition, Kau Forest Reserve, along Haao Spring Road In forestry plantings of Eucalyptus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 328 Hawaii BISH 8/13/1980
40 Sida planicaulis Cav. unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 4661 BISH
41 Sida planicaulis Cav. kailua, kona open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2008 Hawaii BISH 4/25/1938
42 Sida planicaulis Cav. Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A.A. 2424 Kauai BISH 1895-00-00
43 Sida planicaulis Cav. laupahoehoe gulch Stream bed. Community dominated by exotics. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: 1722 Hawaii BISH 8/22/1984
44 Sida planicaulis Cav. hamakua district, waipio valley, ca. 2 miles into the valley Occasional weedy subshrub growing roadside in disturbed secondary forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. peiterson, g. collector number: 99-35 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1999
45 Sida planicaulis Cav. Hanalei, Kee Beach On side of rd. Associated vegetation: Java plum, Cocos nucifera, Noronhia emarginata. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 020225-5 Kauai BISH 2/25/2002
46 Sida planicaulis Cav. Kawaihau District, land of Kilauea Growing along edge of sugar cane field. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5662 Kauai BISH 2/23/1976
47 Sida planicaulis Cav. unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 4661 BISH 3/23/1905
48 Sida planicaulis Cav. hamakua, waimea, paauhau paddock fairly moist PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2264 Hawaii BISH 6/9/1938
49 Sida planicaulis Cav. waimanu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2429 BISH 8/31/1985
50 Sida planicaulis Cav. Waimanu Valley along trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2429 Hawaii BISH 8/31/1985
51 Sida planicaulis Cav. Koolau Mountains, Kahuku Training Area, just inside gate at top of Pupukea Rd. Mesic, non-native Eucalyptus robusta forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beachy, J. USARMY 141 Oahu BISH 4/7/2009
52 Sida planicaulis Cav. unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 4660 BISH 3/23/1905
53 Sida planicaulis Cav. ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District, along the side of the Puna Trail The area is densely shaded by large Mango trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshida, L. 79.098 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
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