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Sida planicaulis

Cav. (1785)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Sida

sida

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect or sometimes spreading herbs or subshrubs 0.5–1.5 m tall, glabrate to moderately pubescent with hairs denser hairs compared to S. acuta.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, 2-ranked. Blades lanceolate to ovate, 3–10(–12) cm long. Leaves larger, wider, more finely serrate than S. acuta. Base rounded compared to S. acuta. Base unequally sided. Surfaces glabrous or sparsely stellate pilose, rarely with simple hairs on the upper surface. Surfaces glabrous or with minute scattered stellate hairs and simple appressed antrorse hairs. Margins serrate to near base. Petioles much shorter than blades. Stipules narrower than in S. acuta. Stipules narrowly falcate, ribbed, 5–8 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers axillary, usually 2–8 in dense glomerules, pedicels 0.1–0.4 cm long; involucel absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx somewhat plicate in bud, (4–)5–7 mm long, slightly accrescent and often black in fruit, sometimes yellowish at base, usually 10-ribbed. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, rotate to campanulate, corolla of 5 petals, obovate, white to yellow, 6–10 mm long, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column; staminal column included, up to 3 mm long, terminated by filaments; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, (1-)3-celled to many-celled, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile, carpels usually 5-10 or numerous; ovules 1 per carpel, pendulous; style exceeding the staminal column, unbranched and stigmatically lobed at apex or branched, style-branches as many as carpels; stigmas capitate.

Fruit: Schizocarps depressed–conical; somewhat fluted; up to 6 mm in diameter; mericarps (6)7–10; 1-seeded; blackish with pale lateral walls; ca. 2.2–3(–3.5) mm long; with 2 slender apical awns 1–2.5 mm long; lower dorsal and lateral walls obscurely rugose–reticulate; indehiscent; upper 1/3 dehiscent; each valve smooth. Seeds brown; 1.7–2 mm long; trigonous-obovoid; pilose about the raphe; otherwise glabrousm with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 18; 28.

Habitat: Naturalized in open and shaded sites.

Elevation Range: 0–790 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Not in flora
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Diss. 1: 24 (1785)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:897 (K, O, M, H [as S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia]); Fryxell & Hill 2015 (Syn. S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia = S. planicaulis); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:193 (remove M [no evidence of nat.])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sida planicaulis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4660 BISH 1909-01-01
2 Sida planicaulis unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4661 BISH 1909-01-01
3 Sida planicaulis Kailua, Kona open pasture Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2008 Hawaii BISH 1938-04-25
4 Sida planicaulis Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2424 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
5 Sida planicaulis Honolulu [? Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 66 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
6 Sida planicaulis Hamakua, Waimea, Paauhau Paddock fairly moist Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow; 1-2 ft. Hosaka, E.Y. 2264 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-09
7 Sida planicaulis Hanalei, Kee Beach On side of rd. Associated vegetation: Java plum, Cocos nucifera, Noronhia emarginata. Preserved_Specimen Erect herb <1m ht, foliage unlobed; flowers yellow, involucel present; schizocarp, 8 mericarps. Starr, F. 202255 Kauai BISH 2002-02-25
8 Sida planicaulis Kiolalaa-Keaa Homestead Addition, Kau Forest Reserve, along Haao Spring Road In forestry plantings of Eucalyptus. Preserved_Specimen Common herb, 2-3 ft. tall. Flowers light orange. Davis, J. 328 Hawaii BISH 1980-08-13
9 Sida planicaulis Waimanu Valley along trail Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2429 Hawaii BISH 1985-08-31
10 Sida planicaulis Keopuka Lands, Captain Cook. Very hot, rocky area. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Hawaii BISH 1991-11-12
11 Sida planicaulis At Haena State Park Disturbed areas. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1978-06-15
12 Sida planicaulis Bowman trail (ridge N of Likelike Hwy) Weed along trail, shady moist to dry area Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow Faccenda, K. 2061 Oahu BISH 2021-07-17
13 Sida planicaulis Laupahoehoe Gulch Stream bed. Community dominated by exotics. Preserved_Specimen 3-4 ft. shrubs in deep shade. This collection # taken from 2 shrubs growing side x side. Takeuchi, W.N. 1722 Hawaii BISH 1984-08-22
14 Sida planicaulis Waimea, Waimea Canyon State Park, Kokee Road, just beyond enterance to Iliau Loop Trail. Highly degraded Acacia koa forest with Dodonaea, Psidium, Lantana, Conyza Preserved_Specimen Upright herb on roadside; Leaves dark dull green above, grey-green, dull below; petals orange T. Flynn 10029 Kauai BISH 2024-08-29
15 Sida planicaulis Piwa Valley exclosure. Koaie Canyon Lowland dry-mesic forest. W/ Aleurites moluccana, Lantana camera, Triumfetta semitriloba, Hibiscus waimeae subsp. Waimeae, Psidium Guajava, Ricinus communis, Syrygium cumini, Cordyline fruitcosa, Coffea arabica, Plumbago aeyla. Preserved_Specimen Shrub about 5 feet tall. Flower clustered in leaf axils, Corolla light orange with a more yellow center. Stems with long hairs. Walsh, S. 624 Kauai BISH 2018-09-10
16 Sida planicaulis Koolau Mountains, Kahuku Training Area, just inside gate at top of Pupukea Rd. Mesic, non-native Eucalyptus robusta forest. Preserved_Specimen Woody shrub .3 to .5 m tall. Small fruit asymmetrically shaped, with 2 ears Beachy, J. 141 Oahu BISH 2009-04-07
17 Sida planicaulis Kailua, N edge of Kawainui ridge roadside, under trees Preserved_Specimen Herb, woody at base; flowers orange-yellow Fosberg, F.R. 13565 Oahu BISH 1924-01-24
18 Sida planicaulis Between MacKenzie Park and Kalapana, Puna roadside near collapsed lava tube Preserved_Specimen Wentworth, J.O. Hawaii BISH 1953-07-05
19 Sida planicaulis Kalapana, Puna waste place, edge of sugar cane field Preserved_Specimen 2' shrub Hosaka, E.Y. 1392 Hawaii BISH 1936-07-01
20 Sida planicaulis South Kona: Land of Kapua, near Kaulanamauna flow In steep, shaded gulch with Diospyros-Canthium association. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 ft. in height. Nagata, K.M. 2774 Hawaii BISH 1984-01-07
21 Sida planicaulis Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, ca. 2 miles into the valley Occasional weedy subshrub growing roadside in disturbed secondary forest. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 9935 Hawaii BISH 1999-06-19
22 Sida planicaulis Kalalau Trail, From Kee, just past mile marker 4, on the right side. Non-native dominated mesic forest. W/Psidium cattleianum, Aleurites moluccana, Cordyline fruticosa, Pittosporum napliense, Psydrax odorata, Diospyros sandwicensis, Clidemia hirta, Pandanus tectorius, Sida acuta Preserved_Specimen Small shrub about 2 feet tall, growing in thickets. Leaves alternate, with spares hairs. Flowers light orange with more yellow center. Walsh, S. 520 Kauai BISH 2017-08-04
23 Sida planicaulis Kawaihau District, land of Kilauea Growing along edge of sugar cane field. Preserved_Specimen Small erect shrub with yellow flowers. Herbst, D.R. 5662 Kauai BISH 1976-02-23
24 Sida planicaulis P.T.B.G., Lawai Valley Preserved_Specimen Herb to sub-shrub with yellow flowers. Occasional. Herbst, D.R. 2259 Kauai BISH 1971-12-22
25 Sida planicaulis ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District, along the side of the Puna Trail The area is densely shaded by large Mango trees. Preserved_Specimen Yoshida, L. 79.098 Hawaii BISH 1979-04-16
26 Sida planicaulis Roadside near Kalopa Mountain Park. Kalopa, Hamakua District Preserved_Specimen Pubescent shrub 1-2 m. in height w/tough, fibrous bark. Corolla orange, 6 mm long. Calyx pubescent, ovate, acuminate, 7 mm long. Nagata, K.M. 3942 Hawaii BISH 1984-06-07
27 Sida planicaulis Kamuela Preserved_Specimen 4' shrub Ewart III, G.R. 309 Hawaii BISH 1932-11-14
28 Sida planicaulis Kailua, Kona, Kealakekua Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2481 Hawaii BISH 1939-04-16
29 Sida planicaulis entrance of Haena Cave Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17259 Kauai BISH 1920-08-24
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