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Sida planicaulis

Cav. (1785)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Sida

sida

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Erect or sometimes spreading herbs or subshrubs 0.5–1.5 m tall, glabrate to moderately pubescent with hairs denser hairs compared to S. acuta.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, 2-ranked. Blades lanceolate to ovate, 3–10(–12) cm long. Leaves larger, wider, more finely serrate than S. acuta. Base rounded compared to S. acuta. Base unequally sided. Surfaces glabrous or sparsely stellate pilose, rarely with simple hairs on the upper surface. Surfaces glabrous or with minute scattered stellate hairs and simple appressed antrorse hairs. Margins serrate to near base. Petioles much shorter than blades. Stipules narrower than in S. acuta. Stipules narrowly falcate, ribbed, 5–8 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers axillary, usually 2–8 in dense glomerules, pedicels 0.1–0.4 cm long; involucel absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx somewhat plicate in bud, (4–)5–7 mm long, slightly accrescent and often black in fruit, sometimes yellowish at base, usually 10-ribbed. Corolla actinomorphic to moderately zygomorphic, rotate to campanulate, corolla of 5 petals, obovate, white to yellow, 6–10 mm long, distinct from each other but adnate at base to staminal column, convolute in bud. Stamens 5 to numerous, monadelphous, forming a staminal column; staminal column included, up to 3 mm long, terminated by filaments; anthers monothecal. Pollen globose, echinate. Ovary superior, (1-)3-celled to many-celled, the carpels borne in a single whorl or rarely seemingly superposed whorls, placentation axile, carpels usually 5-10 or numerous; ovules 1 per carpel, pendulous; style exceeding the staminal column, unbranched and stigmatically lobed at apex or branched, style-branches as many as carpels; stigmas capitate.

Fruit: Schizocarps depressed–conical; somewhat fluted; up to 6 mm in diameter; mericarps (6)7–10; 1-seeded; blackish with pale lateral walls; ca. 2.2–3(–3.5) mm long; with 2 slender apical awns 1–2.5 mm long; lower dorsal and lateral walls obscurely rugose–reticulate; indehiscent; upper 1/3 dehiscent; each valve smooth. Seeds brown; 1.7–2 mm long; trigonous-obovoid; pilose about the raphe; otherwise glabrousm with or without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 18; 28.

Habitat: Naturalized in open and shaded sites.

Elevation Range: 0–790 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Not in flora
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Diss. 1: 24 (1785)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:897 (K, O, M, H [as S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia]); Fryxell & Hill 2015 (Syn. S. acuta subsp. carpinifolia = S. planicaulis); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:193 (remove M [no evidence of nat.])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sida planicaulis Between MacKenzie Park and Kalapana, Puna roadside near collapsed lava tube PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wentworth, J.O s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/5/1953
2 Sida planicaulis Kalapana, Puna waste place, edge of sugar cane field PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1392 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1936
3 Sida planicaulis P.T.B.G., Lawai Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 2259 Kauai BISH 12/22/1971
4 Sida planicaulis South Kona: Land of Kapua, near Kaulanamauna flow In steep, shaded gulch with Diospyros-Canthium association. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 2774 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
5 Sida planicaulis Hamakua District, Waipio Valley, ca. 2 miles into the valley Occasional weedy subshrub growing roadside in disturbed secondary forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Imada, C.T. 99-35 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1999
6 Sida planicaulis kailua, kona, kealakekua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2481 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1939
7 Sida planicaulis honolulu [? silversword area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 66, in part Hawaii BISH
8 Sida planicaulis hanalei, ke'e beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. starr & k. martz 020225-5 Kauai US 2/25/2002
9 Sida planicaulis Kamuela PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 309 Hawaii BISH 11/14/1932
10 Sida planicaulis roadside near kalopa mountain park. kalopa, hamakua district PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 3942 Hawaii BISH 6/7/1984
11 Sida planicaulis National Tropical Botanical Garden, McBryde Garden. Vicinity of waterfall trail and Polynesian Canoe Plant Garden (northern end of NTBG grounds). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Andrew Townesmith|Karen M. Meyer Townesmith 1073 Missouri Botanical Garden 5/13/2008
12 Sida planicaulis national tropical botanical garden, mcbryde garden. vicinity of waterfall trail and polynesian canoe plant garden (northern end of ntbg grounds). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN andrew townesmith|karen m. meyer townesmith 1073 MO 5/13/2008
13 Sida planicaulis Hamakua, Waimea, Paauhau Paddock fairly moist PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2264 Hawaii BISH 6/9/1938
14 Sida planicaulis entrance of Haena Cave PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 17259 Kauai BISH 8/24/1920
15 Sida planicaulis unknown Forest of Psidium, Aleurites, Myrsine. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 4660 Oahu BISH
16 Sida planicaulis Kailua, Kona, Kealakekua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2481 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1939
17 Sida planicaulis hanalei, kee beach On side of rd. Associated vegetation: Java plum, Cocos nucifera, Noronhia emarginata. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. martz, k. collector number: 020225-5 Kauai BISH 2/25/2002
18 Sida planicaulis south kona: land of kapua, near kaulanamauna flow In steep, shaded gulch with Diospyros-Canthium association. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN nagata, k.m. collector number: 2774 Hawaii BISH 1/7/1984
19 Sida planicaulis p.t.b.g., lawai valley Open dry fields. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 2259 Hawaii BISH 12/22/1971
20 Sida planicaulis kalapana, puna waste place, edge of sugar cane field PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1392 Hawaii BISH 7/1/1936
21 Sida planicaulis Kiolalaa-Keaa Homestead Addition, Kau Forest Reserve, along Haao Spring Road In forestry plantings of Eucalyptus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 328 Hawaii BISH 8/13/1980
22 Sida planicaulis Hanalei, Ke'e Beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN F. Starr & K. Martz 020225-5 Kauai US 2/25/2002
23 Sida planicaulis in wooded area (previously cultivated) between quarry rd. and marsh, kawainui marsh PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. b. smith 1 Oahu US 1/4/1976
24 Sida planicaulis unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 4661 BISH
25 Sida planicaulis kawaihau district, land of kilauea Growing along edge of sugar cane field. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. ishikawa, s. collector number: 5662 Kauai BISH 2/23/1976
26 Sida planicaulis kailua, kona open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2008 Hawaii BISH 4/25/1938
27 Sida planicaulis Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A.A. 2424 Kauai BISH 1895-00-00
28 Sida planicaulis Koolau Mountains, Kahuku Training Area, just inside gate at top of Pupukea Rd. Mesic, non-native Eucalyptus robusta forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beachy, J. USARMY 141 Oahu BISH 4/7/2009
29 Sida planicaulis laupahoehoe gulch Stream bed. Community dominated by exotics. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN takeuchi, w.n. collector number: 1722 Hawaii BISH 8/22/1984
30 Sida planicaulis Hanalei, Kee Beach On side of rd. Associated vegetation: Java plum, Cocos nucifera, Noronhia emarginata. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 020225-5 Kauai BISH 2/25/2002
31 Sida planicaulis hamakua, waimea, paauhau paddock fairly moist PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2264 Hawaii BISH 6/9/1938
32 Sida planicaulis waimanu valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2429 BISH 8/31/1985
33 Sida planicaulis hamakua district, waipio valley, ca. 2 miles into the valley Occasional weedy subshrub growing roadside in disturbed secondary forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN imada, c.t. peiterson, g. collector number: 99-35 Hawaii BISH 6/19/1999
34 Sida planicaulis Waimanu Valley along trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2429 Hawaii BISH 8/31/1985
35 Sida planicaulis ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District, along the side of the Puna Trail The area is densely shaded by large Mango trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Yoshida, L. 79.098 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
36 Sida planicaulis unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 4660 BISH 3/23/1905
37 Sida planicaulis Kawaihau District, land of Kilauea Growing along edge of sugar cane field. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5662 Kauai BISH 2/23/1976
38 Sida planicaulis unknown PreservedSpecimen Rock, J.F.C. Collector Number: 4661 BISH Specimen 1/1/1909
39 Sida planicaulis unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 4661 BISH 3/23/1905
40 Sida planicaulis unknown PreservedSpecimen Rock, J.F.C. Collector Number: 4660 BISH Specimen 1/1/1909
41 Sida planicaulis Roadside near Kalopa Mountain Park. Kalopa, Hamakua District PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K.M. 3942 Hawaii BISH 6/7/1984
42 Sida planicaulis ahupuaa of halepuaa in the puna district, along the side of the puna trail The area is densely shaded by large Mango trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN yoshida, l. collector number: 79.098 Hawaii BISH 4/16/1979
43 Sida planicaulis Kailua, N edge of Kawainui ridge roadside, under trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 13565 Oahu BISH 1/24/1924
44 Sida planicaulis Honolulu [? PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 66, in part Oahu BISH 2/6/1905
45 Sida planicaulis kiolalaa-keaa homestead addition, kau forest reserve, along haao spring road In forestry plantings of Eucalyptus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 328 Hawaii BISH 8/13/1980
46 Sida planicaulis Kailua, Kona open pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2008 Hawaii BISH 4/25/1938
47 Sida planicaulis Laupahoehoe Gulch Stream bed. Community dominated by exotics. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Takeuchi, W.N. 1722 Hawaii BISH 8/22/1984
48 Sida planicaulis kailua, n edge of kawainui ridge roadside, under trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 13565 Oahu BISH 1/24/1924
49 Sida planicaulis entrance of haena cave PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 17259 Kauai BISH 8/24/1920
50 Sida planicaulis koolau mountains, kahuku training area, just inside gate at top of pupukea rd. Mesic, non-native Eucalyptus robusta forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN beachy, j. collector number: usarmy 141 Oahu BISH 4/7/2009
51 Sida planicaulis along the hanapepe river, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN heller, a.a. collector number: 2424 Kauai BISH 1895-06-24
52 Sida planicaulis between mackenzie park and kalapana, puna roadside near collapsed lava tube PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wentworth, j.o Hawaii BISH 7/5/1953
53 Sida planicaulis kamuela PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. collector number: 309 Hawaii BISH 11/14/1932
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